Most SWA cable gland failures are not material failures. They are strip-length failures. The cable is cut to a length that looks reasonable, the armour is trimmed by eye, the cone seats on nothing in particular, and the termination holds water for one season and then does not.
This guide is about the physical installation: the three strip lengths, component order, cutting armour without nicking the bedding, seating the cone, closing the clamp, and what a finished termination should look like. Gland selection by cable dimensions is covered in the SWA selection guide.
Search for how to fit an SWA gland and you will be told to strip “about 150 mm” of sheath. That number comes from domestic-size cable and one gland family. It is not a specification, and on an M63 entry it is wrong by a factor of two.
An SWA gland closes on three separate features of the cable, and each needs its own dimension:
| Strip length | What it controls | How to derive it |
|---|---|---|
| Outer sheath removed | Where the outer seal grips and how much armour is exposed | Measured from the gland’s own drawing: distance from the outer seal seat to the cone shoulder, plus the exposed armour length |
| Armour exposed and trimmed | Whether the wires span the cone and reach the clamping ring | Length of the cone body plus the width of the clamping ring, plus a small allowance for the wire bend over the cone |
| Bedding exposed past the armour | Whether the inner seal sits on sound bedding | The gland’s inner seal length, taken from the exploded view, measured on the bedding and not on wires |
Work from the drawing for the gland in your hand, not from a number in a video. Two glands of the same thread size from different makers can have different cone lengths and different seal seats.
The single most common avoidable mistake on an SWA termination is a component that should have been slid onto the cable before the armour was cut. Once the wires are splayed and the cone seated, anything still in the box means a re-strip.
| Order | Componente | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shroud | Goes on first, always, and gets forgotten most often |
| 2 | Dome nut and outer seal | Orientation matters; the seal taper faces the gland body |
| 3 | Clamping ring | Loose on the sheath, behind the cut line |
| — | Then cut the cable | Everything downstream of this point is irreversible |
| 4 | Armour cone | Pushed under the splayed wires, seated on the bedding |
| 5 | Earth tag and locknut | Fitted at the enclosure entry after the body is positioned |
Lay the parts out in this order on the bench first. Counting against the exploded view takes twenty seconds and prevents most of what follows.
The armour is the only part of the cable that both grips and conducts. Cutting it badly creates two problems at once: a wire that does not seat, and a nick in the bedding underneath that no amount of tightening will seal.
If the bedding is already nicked where the armour was scored, stop. The gland cannot seal a damaged bedding, and the correct action is to cut back and re-terminate. This is the reason a termination should never be measured to the last centimetre.
The cone converts the armour wires into a clamped, conductive ring. It only works if every wire is on it. Four wires bunched on one side and the rest loose gives a joint that passes a pull test and fails a fault-current test.
Armour type changes the technique, not just the cone. Round steel wires splay cleanly; steel tape armour has to be formed rather than splayed; braid is worked into a trap rather than folded. A cone intended for round wire on tape armour gives a termination that looks assembled and grips nothing — the mismatch is set out in the armoured cable gland guide.
Every SWA gland needs two spanners: one to hold the body, one to drive the clamping component. Without the counter-hold, the torque goes into the enclosure entry thread or into the locknut, and the clamp itself never tightens.
There is no universal torque figure to quote. The value depends on thread size, seal hardness, body material and where the cable sits in its range. What you can check is the outcome:
This is the same logic applied to the tightening procedure for any gland type: force is a means, the closed seal and the immovable cable are the result.
On a gland with an inner seal, the seal must close on the extruded bedding under the armour. This is the interface that stops water travelling along the cable from the far end, and it is invisible after assembly.
Two details cause most failures. The seal is sometimes pushed on over the armour wires because it will physically fit there — it will not seal on wires, and the leak then appears at the enclosure rather than at the cable end where the water entered. Or the seal is fitted before the cone and dragged as the cone is seated.
Fit the cone first, seat it, then slide the inner seal onto clean bedding. Whether your gland has an inner seal depends on the sealing variant, covered in BW vs CW cable glands.
The gland body goes through the entry from outside. On the inside, the earth tag goes over the thread first, then the locknut. Reversed, the tag sits between locknut and wall with no reliable contact — the most common cause of a failed armour continuity reading, covered in the armoured earthing guide.
Three related checks belong at this point rather than later:
The full mechanical sequence at the enclosure interface is in the general installation guide.
An SWA cable is heavy, and the gland is not a cable support. A horizontal run with no cleat near the entry puts continuous bending load on the thread, the enclosure wall and the inner seal. Over a few years that shows up as a cracked entry or a loose locknut, not as an obvious break.
Support the cable independently close to the entry, and let the run fall away from a top entry so water cannot run down the sheath. The shroud is weather protection, not a seal; it does not fix a termination assembled dry.
Where the termination sees movement or repeated pull, gland grip is only part of the answer — the mechanics are in alivio de tensión.
A good SWA termination is checkable in about a minute if you know what to look at.
| Check | Accept | Reject |
|---|---|---|
| Armour | All wires on the cone, evenly spaced, none cut through | Bunched wires, a missing wire, a wire trapped under the cone |
| Outer seal | Compressed onto the sheath, no extrusion | Gap at the seal, sheath pulled into the nut, seal visible outside the nut |
| Inner seal | On clean bedding, behind the cone | On armour wires, or dragged forward by the cone |
| Entry | Body seated against the enclosure face, locknut tight, tag under the locknut | Tag outside the locknut, body rotated off the face, burr under the washer |
| Shroud | Fitted over the body and against the wall | Shroud left on the bench |
| Support | Cleat or tray within a short distance of the entry | Cable hanging from the gland |
None of these checks require the cable to be re-opened, so do them on the first termination of a shift rather than the last. If you are fitting a batch and want the gland, shroud and earth tag supplied as one kit so nothing is left on the bench, send us the cable schedule with measured sheath, bedding and armour dimensions.
There is no fixed figure. Derive it from the gland drawing: the distance from the outer seal seat to the cone shoulder, plus the length of armour you need to span the cone and clamping ring. Figures such as 150 mm apply to specific domestic glands and will be wrong on other sizes.
Only if the gland provides armour continuity by another approved route, such as an integral earthing nut or boss. A tag left out on a gland designed for one leaves the armour unbonded, which removes the fault path the armour is there to provide.
Before. The shroud slides onto the cable ahead of the dome nut and cannot be fitted over an assembled gland. It is the most frequently forgotten component.
Water usually enters at the far end of the cable and travels along the bedding. If the inner seal is missing, fitted on the armour instead of the bedding, or the bedding was nicked during stripping, the leak surfaces at the enclosure. Re-tightening the dome nut will not fix it.
All of them. The wire count is fixed by the cable and every wire carries part of the grip and part of the earth path. A termination with missing or cut wires should be re-made, not derated.
ATEX and IECEx both point at IEC 60079, but one is mandatory EU law and the other voluntary — and their assessment routes are not equivalent. How to read the certificate number before you order.
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